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MuZic Dictionary

 

˹ѧÊ×ͤÓÈѾ·ì´¹µÃÕ·Ò§ÍÔ¹àµÍÃì๷

¤é¹ËÒ-ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÓÈѾ·ì·Ò§´éÒ¹´¹µÃÕä´é·Õè¹Õè

 

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J-K-L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U-V] [W-X-Y-Z]

saltando ãªé¤Ñ¹ªÑ¡ÊÑé¹ æ àµé¹ä»º¹ÊÒÂàÃçÇ æ
saltarello or salterello (It. «ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅ) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊԺˡ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÇèÒ saltare ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ËÁÒÂÇèÒ ¡ÃÐâ´´ ´¹µÃÕ¨ÐÁÕÅѡɳйØèÁáÅÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ ÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹×è§Ëéͧ) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ«ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅÂѧ¤§à»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¡éÒ áµèà»ç¹¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áç¢Öé¹ ¤ÓÇèÒ «ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅ à¤ÂâªéàÃÕ¡ª×èÍ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓÁÒµÑé§áµèµÍ¹µé¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºÊÕèáÅéÇ
samba (á«ÁºéÒ) à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓ·Õèà»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÅÒµÔ¹ÍàÁÃԡѹ
sans (Fr. «Ò§) äÁèµéͧÁÕ
sans tembre äÁèãªéÊá¹Ãì
saraband («ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì), sarabanda (It. «ÒÃÒºÒ¹µÒ), sarabande (Fr. «ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèʧèÒ§ÒÁ¢Í§ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊԺˡ ÊÔºà¨ç´ áÅÐÊԺỴà»ç¹à¾Å§àµê¹ÃÓ㹨ѧËÇЪéÒ»ÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹Öè§Ëéͧ) ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ËÃ×Íà»ç¹â¹éµµÑÇÂÒÇ㹨ѧËÇзÕèÊͧ àªÕè͡ѹÇèÒ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ¹ÕéÁÒ¨Ò¡·èÒ§µÐÇѹÍÍ¡ áÅÐÁÕÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ÍÂèÒ§´Ù´´×èÁ ÃØ¹áç ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ«ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì¹Õé¶¡¹Óà¢éÒÁÒã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÊ໹ÃÒǵ鹻դ.È.1500 µèÍÁÒ¡çÁÒ»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍѧ¡ÄÉáÅнÃÑè§àÈÊ ¾ÃéÍÁæ ¡ÑºÁÕẺ¡ÒÃàµé¹·ÕèÅ´¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áçŧàÅ硹éÍ ¨¹ã¹·ÕèÊØ´¡ç¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁʧèÒ§ÒÁ ´Ñ§¨Ð¾ºä´1¹à¾Å§ÊÇÕ·¢Í§ºÒ¤
sardana (Sp.) A Catalonian national dance performed to pipes and drums, often in sections. Similar to the farandole.
satz (Ger.) A setting. (1) A musical setting; (2) A movement in a composition; (3) Style (e.g. freier satz, free style; (4) A theme or subject.
saxhorn (á«ç¡ÎÍÃì¹) µÃСÙÅà¤Ã×èͧà»èÒ»ÃÐàÀ·áµÃ·Í§àËÅ×ͧ ·ÕèÁÕÊèǹ»Ò¡à»èÒà»ç¹ÃÙ»¶éÇ ·èÍáµÃ ÁÕÅѡɳÐÃÙ»¡ÃÇÂáÅÐÁÕÅÙ¡ÊÙº´éÇ ʹͿ«Ñ¡Êì à»ç¹¼Ùé¹ÓÁÒãªéã¹»Õ ¤.È.1845 ÁÕ·Ñé§ËÁ´à¨ç´ª¹Ô´ ¢¹Ò´µÑé§áµèà¤Ã×èͧàÊÕ§µèÓàºÊ¨¹¶Ö§àÊÕ§ÊÙ§à·ÃçºàºÔéÅ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó bore.)
saxophone (á«¡â«â¿¹) à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÅÁäÁ骹Դ·Õè·Ó´éÇÂâÅËÐ »ÃСͺ´éÇÂÅÔé¹»Õèà´ÕèÂÇáÅзèÍẺ¡ÃÇ ʹͿ«Ñ¡Êì à»ç¹¼Ùé»ÃдÔɰì¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍ»Õ ¤.È.1840 ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈàºÅàÂÕèÂÁÁÕÅѡɳÐàÊÕ§¡ÅÁ¡ÅèÍÁáÅÐàµçÁàÊÕ§ à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕá«¡â«â¿¹·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ÔèÅéǹáÅéÇáµèà»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ·ÕèµéͧÂéÒ¤ÕÂì
scale (Êà¡Å) ËÁÒ¶֧ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§ ͹ءÃÁ¢Í§àÊÕ§«×觨ѴàÃÕ§仵ÒÁÅӴѺ ÁÒ¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ scala ËÁÒ¶֧ ºÑ¹ä´ «×è§áºè§ä´éà»ç¹Êͧ»ÃÐàÀ·ãË­èæ ¤×Í
1. ä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡Êà¡Å ¡. àÁà¨ÍÃì (´Ù·Õè¤Ó major scale) ¢. äÁà¹ÍÃì (´Ù·Õè¤Ó minor scale.) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó diatonic, mode.)
2. â¤ÃÁÒµÔ¡Êà¡Å (´Ù·Õè¤Ó chromatic 1.)
scale degrees(Êà¡Å ´Õ¡ÃÕ) ÃдѺ¢Ñ鹺ѹä´àÊÕ§ Êèǹ»ÃСͺáµèÅÐÊèǹ¢Í§ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§
scena (It., 'stage' or 'scene')(1) A scene in an opera consisting of an extended aria of dramatic nature; (2) A dramatic concert piece for solo voice with accompaniment.
scherzando (It. Êá¤Ãì«Ò¹â´) ÅѡɳТÕéàÅè¹ µÅ¡
scherzetto or scherzino (It.) a short scherzo.
scherzo (It. Êá¡Ãìâ«) µÅ¡ ¢ºÇ¹Ë¹×è§ã¹º·à¾Å§·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳТÕéàÅè¹ Ê¹Ø¡Ê¹Ò¹ÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ»ÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹áµèÅÐËéͧ) àºâ¸à¿¹à»ç¹¼Ùé¹ÓÊá¡Ãâ«à¢éÒä»á·¹·ÕèÁÔ¹¹ÙàÍç´·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒµÑé§áµè´Ñé§à´ÔÁ 㹺·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·«ÔÁ⿹ÕáÅÐ⫹ҵҨӹǹÁÒ¡¢Í§à¢Ò âªá»§áÅкÃÒËìÁä´éáµè§º·»Ãоѹ¸ì ËÅÒº··ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐÍÂèÒ§àÍÒ§Ò¹àÍÒ¡Òà â´Âãªéª×èÍÇèÒ Êá¡Ãâ«
schlag (Ger.) ¨Ñ§ËÇÐà¤ÒÐ Beat.
schleppen (Ger.) To drag. Schleppend, dragging.
schluss (Ger.) End.
schlussel (Ger.) ¡Ø­á¨àÊÕ§ Clef.
schnell (Gr. ªà¹Å) àÃçÇ
schottische (Gr. ªÍ·µÔÊ«ì) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺÅѡɳÐǧ¡ÅÁã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¡éÒ àËÁ×͹¡ÒÃà´é¹ÃÓẺâ¾Å¡éÒÍÂèÒ§ªéÒ à»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹´Õã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍѧ¡ÄÉÇèÒ ''àÂÍÃÁѹâ¾Å¡éÒ'' ªÍ·µÔÊ«ì¹Õ黡µÔ ¨ÐÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊͧ (Êͧ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹×è§Ëéͧ)
schmetternd (Ger., 'blaring' ) An indication to horn players to use a harsh brassy tone.
schon àÊÃç¨áÅéÇ
schrittmassig or schrittweise (Ger.) Stepwise, at a walking pace and equivalent of andante.
schwach (Ger.) Weak, soft.
schwer (Ger. ªáÇÃì) ˹ѡá¹è¹ ¤ÃØè¹¤Ô´
schwindend (Ger.) Dying away, fading.
schwung (Ger.) Swing. Schwungvol, spirited.
scoop To slide up to a note in singing instead of hitting it accurately.
score Notated music of all performers' parts combined in an ordeOrange form in which each part appears vertically above another. A piano score is one in which all orchestral or even vocal parts are Orangeuced to a piano part. A miniaturce or pocket score reproduces all parts and details of the full score but is of a size more suitable for study.
scorrevole (It.) Scurrying, rapid.
Scotch snapA rhythmic figure consisting of a short note on the beat followed by a longer one held until the next beat. Found in Scottish music but also in other folk music.
Scriabin,Aleksandr ¤Õµ¡ÇÕªÒÇÃÑÊà«Õ (1872-1915)
sec (Fr. àÊ¡) ã¹áººÊÑ鹿 ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Óã¹ÀÒÉÒ½ÃÑè§àÈÊ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ ''áËé§"
sec, secco áËé§ á¢ç§æ ÊÑ鹿
second (à«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì) ÃÐÂТÑ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡ÃÐËÇèÒ§ÊͧàÊÕ§·ÕèÍÂÙèã¡ÅéªÔ´µÔ´¡Ñ¹ àÁà¨ÍÃìà«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì (¤ÙèÊͧàÁà¨ÍÃì) äÁà¹ÍÃìà«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì (¤ÙèÊͧäÁà¹ÍÃì)
second inversion(à«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì ÍÔ¹àÇÍÃìªÑ¹) ¡ÒþÅÔ¡¡ÅѺ¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊͧ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ§µÑǡѹãËÁè¢Í§¤ÍÃì´à¾×èÍãËéâ¹éµµÑÇ·Õè 5 ÍÂÙèã¹á¹ÇàÊÕ§·ÕèµèÓÊØ´
secondo volta ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 2
secondary dominant This describes the dominant of the dominant .
segno (It. à«¡â¹) à¤ÃÕèͧËÁÒ al segno ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËéä»·Õèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ dal segno ËÁÒ¶֧ ¨Ò¡à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ µÑÇÂèͤ×Í D.S.
segue (It. à«¡ÙàÍ, 'it follows') µÒÁÁÒ
seguidilla (Sp. à«¡ÕµÕÂÒ) à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺÊ໹㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹Öè§Ëéͧ) ÁÑ¡¨ÐÍÂÙè㹤ÕÂì1Áà¹ÍÃì à¾Å§à«¡Õ´ÕÂÒ»¡µÔáÅéǨÐÁÕ¡ÒäÅÍ»ÃСͺ´éÇ¡յÒÃì àÊÕ§ÃéͧáÅСÃѺÊ໹ ¨ÐàË繡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ¹Õéä´é¨Ò¡Í§¤ì·Õè˹×è§¢Í§ÍØ»ÃÒ¡ÃàÃ×èͧ ¤ÒÃìàÁ¹ ¢Í§ ¨ÍÃ쫺Õà«è
sehr (Ger. à«) ÁÒ¡ ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§
semibreve (à«ÁÔàºÃàÇ) ËÁÒ¶֧â¹êµµÑÇ¡ÅÁ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó whole note)
semiquaver (à«ÁÔà¤ÇàÇèÍÃì) ËÁÒ¶֧ â¹éµà¢ºçµÊͧªÑé¹ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó sixteenth note.)
semicadence (à«ÁÔà¤à´¹«ì) ÅÙ¡¨º¡ÅÒ§ ¨Ø´¾Ñ¡º¹¤ÍÃì´ æ ˹Öè§·ÕèäÁèãªè¤ÍÃì´ I «Öè§ÁÕÅѡɳÐäÁèÊÁºÙóìáÅÐÊÃéÒ§áç¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹ãËéà¡Ô´·Ó¹Í§à¾Å§à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ
semitone (à«ÁÔâ·¹) ¤Ã×è§àÊÕ§ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó step. 2.)
semplice (It. à«Á»ÅÔà«) àÃÕº§èÒÂ
semplicemente (It. à«Á»ÅÔà«àÁ¹àµ) ʺÒÂæ ¸ÃÃÁ´Ò
sempre (It. à«Áà»Ã) à»ç¹ÍÂÙèàÊÁÍ µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ
sentimento (It. ૹµÔàÁ¹âµ) ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡äÇ Íè͹äËÇ
senza (It. ૹ«Ò) äÁèÁÕ »ÃÒȨҡ
septet (1) A group of seven performers which may consist of instrumentalists or singers; (2) A composition for seven performers which, if for instrumentalists, will have the character of a sonata in several movements.
septuplet A group of seven notes to be played in the time of 4 or 6.
sequence («Õà¤Ç¹«ì) ÅѡɳСÒëéӷӹͧ (ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§¡çÁÕ¡ÒÃá»Ã¼Ñ¹ä»ºéÒ§) â´ÂàÃÔèÁ·ÕèÃдѺàÊÕ§ µèÒ§¡Ñ¹ã¹áµèÅФÃÑé§·Õè«éÓ
serenade (à«àÃ๴) 1. à¾Å§·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐä»·Ò§´éÒ¹¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ ËÃ×Íà¾Å§ÂÒÁàÂç¹
2. º·»Ãоѹ¸ì·Õèáµè§äÇéÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒúÃÃàŧ´éÇÂà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ¡ÅØèÁàÅç¡æ «×è§»ÃСͺ´éÇÂ¡ÅØèÁà¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂáÅÐ à¤Ã×èͧÅÁäÁé
serial music Also known as twelve-tone music, twelve-note music and dodecaphonic music. This is a 20th century concept mostly developed by Schonberg. A twelve-note theme is fixed upon, with each note being used once. This is known as the tone row or series. Thereafter it can appear in four main ways: forwards, backwards (retrograde), upside down (inversion), and upside down and backwards (retrograde inversion). The series can appear and begin on any one of the twelve pitches and more than one note of the series can be used simultaneously to form a chord. Serialism mostly forms the basis of a work, however, and other composers include Berg and Webern. Serialism is a feature of expressionism.
serio (It. à«ÃÕâÍ) àÍÒ¡ÒÃàÍÒ§Ò¹ ¢Ö§¢Ñ§
serioso (à«ÃÕâÍâ«) ã¹áºº©ºÑºÍÂèÒ§àÍÒ¡ÒÃàÍÒ§Ò¹ ¢Ö§¢Ñ§
seventh (à«àÇè¹·ì) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ã¹ÅѡɳФÙèà¨ç´ ¨Ò¡ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§Ẻä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡
seventh chord (à«àÇè¹·ì¤ÍÃì´) ¤ÍÃì´·Õè»ÃСͺ´éǵÑǾ×é¹µé¹ ¢Ñ鹤ÙèÊÒÁ¢Ñ鹤ÙèËéÒáÅТÑ鹤Ùèà¨ç´
sextolet A group of six notes to be peformed in the time of 4.
sfogato(It., 'evaporated') Light and airy playing. The term was used by Chopin.
sforzata (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«ÒµÒ) à¹é¹
sforzato (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«Òâµ) sforzando (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«Ò¹â´) ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃÂéÓÍÂèÒ§·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´ ãªé¡ÓÅѧ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í sfs, sf.
sfumato àºÒŧáÅФèÍÂ æ ¨Ò§ËÒÂä»
shake Alternative name for trill.
shanty A sailors' work song with solo verses (often of an extemporised nature) and chorus matching certain rhythmical movements (e.g. pulling a rope together).
sharp (ªÒÃì») à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂá»Å§àÊÕ§ àÁ×èÍÇÒ§äÇé¢éҧ˹éÒâ¹éµ¨Ð·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÊÙ§¢Ö鹤Ã×è§àÊÕ§ ã¹ÅѡɳÐâ¤ÃÁÒµÔ¡ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó chromatic.)
siciliano (It. «ÔªÔàÅÕÂÂÒâ¹) sicilienne (Fr. «Ô«ÔàÅÕè¹) à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺ«Ô«ÔàÅÕ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¨ç´ áÅÐÊԺỴ 㹨ѧËÇÐ 6/8 ËÃ×Í 12/8 µÒÁ»¡µÔà¾Å§«Ô«ÔàÅÕ¹ ¨Ð»ÃСͺ´éÇÂá¹Ç·Ó¹Í§áººà¾Å§Ãéͧ áÅÐàÊÕ§¤ÅÍ»ÃСͺ·ÕèµèÍà¹×èͧ¡Ñ¹ä»¢Í§¤ÍÃì´áººâºÃ¤à¤è¹ ÁÑ¡»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹¢ºÇ¹ªéҢͧº·à¾Å§ÊÇÕ·ªØ´áÃ¡æ ¢Í§â¤àÃÅÅÕ áÅÐਠàÍÊ ºÒ¤
sight-reading or sight-singing ¡ÒÃàÅè¹´¹µÃÕËÃ×ÍÃéͧà¾Å§¨Ò¡â¹êµ â´Â·ÕèäÁèà¤ÂàÅè¹ËÃ×ÍÃéͧà¾Å§¹Ñé¹ÁÒ¡è͹
signature («Ô¡à¹à¨ÍÃì) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó key 3, time signature.)
similar motion Two melodies moving together in the same direction.
simile (It. «ÔÁÔàÅ) Ẻà´ÕÂǡѹ ´Óà¹Ô¹µèÍä»´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õà´ÕÂǡѹ â´ÂÁÕẺµÑÇâ¹éµáÅÐ ÇÅÕà¾Å§à»ç¹ËÅѡ㹡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔÍÂèÒ§à¤Ã觤ÃÑ´ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í sim.
simple time (meter) ÍѵÃҨѧËÇиÃÃÁ´Ò ÍѵÃҨѧËÇзÕèÁըѧËÇо×é¹°Ò¹ã¹ã¨áºè§ÂèÍÂÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 ¨Ñ§ËÇÐ àªè¹ 2/4, 4/4, 3/4
sin 'al fine (It. «Ô¹ÑÅ ¿Ôà¹) ¨¹¨º
sin 'al segno (It. «Ô¹ÑÅ à«ç¹âÂ) ¨¹¶Ö§à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂ
sinfoniaSmall orchestras currently perform under this name. Originally the title described an instrumental piece in the baroque era such as the prelude, overture to an opera, cantata or suite.
sinfonia concertante (It.) Haydn and Mozart's preferOrange title to concerto for an orchestral work with more than one solo parts.
sinfonie or symphonie (Ger.) Symphony.
sinfonietta (It.) A shorter, lighter symphony. Also sometimes used as a performing name for small orchestras.
singend (Ger. «Ô¹à¡ç¹´ì) ã¹ÅÕÅÒ¡ÒÃÃéͧ
singspiel (Ger., 'play with singing') Generally the singspiel is a comic opera with spoken dialogue in the local dialect instead of recitative. An example is Mozart's The Magic Flute (1791). In the early l9th century the style combined with German romantic opera and later came to be known simply as 'German musical comedy'.
sinistra (It.) Left hand.
sitz-probe (Ger.) An opera term for a 'sitting rehearsal' when all performers sing through the roles while sitting down, with the accompaniments played by the orchestra.
six-four chordThe chord containing the sixth and fourth intervals from the bass note. Also known as the second inversion (e.g. the 6/4 chord G C E is the second inversion of C E G.
sixteenth note («Ô¡·Õ¹â¹éµ) â¹éµà¢ºçµÊͧªÑé¹ ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµª¹Ô´¹Õé¨Ó¹Ç¹ÊԺˡµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒ à·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇ¡ÅÁ˹×è§µÑÇ áÅÐÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹é´´ÑÇ´Ó˹Öè§µÑÇ
sixteenth rest («Ô¡·Õ¹àÃÊ·ì) â¹éµµÑÇËÂØ´ ·ÕèÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇࢺçµÊͧªÑé¹Ë¹×è§µÑÇ
sixth («Ô¡·ì) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ª¹Ô´¤ÙèË¡·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÃÕ§Ẻä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó interval.)
sixty-fourth note («Ô¡µÕé ¿ÍÃì· â¹éµ) â¹éµà¢ºçµÊÕèªÑé¹ ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµª¹Ô´¹ÕéË¡ÊÔºÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµ µÑÇ¡ÅÁ˹Öè§µÑÇ áÅÐÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹é´µÑÇࢺç´ÊͧªÑé¹Ë¹×è§µÑÇ
sixty-fourth rest («Ô¡µÕé ¿ÍÃì·àÃÊ·ì) â¹éµµÑÇËÂØ´·ÕèÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇࢺç´ÊÕèªÑé¹Ë¹Öè§µÑÇ
six-three chord The chord containing the sixth and third intervals from the bass note. Same as first inversion of a triad.
skip (ʤԻ) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ã¹ÃÙ»·Ó¹Í§·Õè¡ÇéÒ§à¡Ô¹¡ÇèÒ¤ÙèÊͧ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó interval.)
slancio (It. ÊÅÒ¹«ÔâÍ) ´éǤÇÒÁ¡ÅéÒËÒ­
slentando (It. ÊàŹ·Ò¹â´) ªéÒŧµÒÁÅӴѺ
slide Device on some brass instruments, used principally on the trombone, for altering the length of the tube, and therefore the notes produced.
slur (ÊàÅÍ) àÊé¹â¤é§ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ
1. â¹éµµèÒ§æ àËÅèÒ¹ÕéãËéàÅè¹áººàÅ¡Òâµé (àÊÕ§àª×èÍÁµèÍà¢éÒ´éÇ¡ѹ)
2. ÇÅÕà¾Å§ËÃ×ÍÊèǹ¢Í§ÇÅÕà¾Å§ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó phrase.)
3. àÁ×èÍâ¹éµµÑÇ˹×è§ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÊàÅÍàª×èÍÁ¨Ò¡â¹éµ¢éҧ˹éÒÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹×è§ â´Ââ¹éµ ·Ñ駤Ùè¹ÕéµèÒ§¡çÁÕÃдѺàÊÕ§à´ÕÂǡѹáÅéÇ àÃÒàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ä·(tie) à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂä·¹Õé ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµµÑÇ·ÕèÊͧäÁèµéͧàÅè¹ à¾Õ§áµèãËéÂ×´¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇàÊÕ§仨¹¤Ãº¤èÒâ¹éµµÑǹÕé
4. ËÒ¡à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÊàÅͺѹ·Ö¡äÇéà˹×ÍËÃ×Íãµé¨Ø´áººÊµÑꡤÒâµáÅéÇâ¹éµáµèÅеÑÇ ãËéàÅè¹ãËéÊÑé¹Å§àÅ硹éÍÂ
smorzando (It. ÊÁÍÃì«Ò¹â´) ¨Ò§ËÒÂã» ¤ÓÂèÍ ¤×Í smorz.
snare drum (Êá¹Ãì´ÃÑÁ) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó drum 1.)
soave (It.) Sweetly, tenderly.
sofort ·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
solfeggio (It. «ÍÅ࿵â¨) ¡Òý֡ËÑ´ ¢ÑºÃéͧâ´ÂÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÒÁ¾ÂÒ§¤ì â´ àà ÁÕ ÏÅÏ ¡Ó˹´ãËé â¹éµ C à»ç¹ â´ÍÂÙè¡Ñº·Õè
soft pedal The left foot pedal on a piano lessening the volume.
sol-fa An English system of notation and sight reading mainly devised by J.S. Curwen in the 1840s. The notes of the major scale are named in ascending order: doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te, doh. Doh is the tonic, or keynote, but is not at any fixed pitch.
solfeggio (It.), solfege (Fr.) Ear-training by singing exercises to sol-fa syllables. More advanced forms are sung to vowels known as vocalizzi (lt.) or vocalises (Fr.).
solo (â«âÅ) ¤¹à´ÕÂÇ à´ÕèÂÇ º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·à´ÕèÂÇÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕËÃ×͹ѡÃéͧ¤¹à´ÕÂÇ ã¹º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·¤Í¹áªÃìâµ Êèǹ·ÕèáÊ´§à´ÕèÂÇ¡Ó˹´äÇéÊÓËÃѺâ«âÅÍÔÊ·ì (¹Ñ¡áÊ´§à´ÕèÂÇ) áµèÊèǹ ·Ù·Ô (Tuti) à»ç¹¡ÒÃáÊ´§·Ñé§Ç§
soltanto (It.) Solely .
sonata (It. ⫹ҵÒ) º·»Ãоѹ¸ìà¾Å§«×è§µÒÁ»¡µÔáÅéÇÁÕÊÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÕè¡Ãкǹ (·è͹) áµèÅСÃкǹ¨ºÅ§´éǵÑÇàͧä´é áÅСÃкǹµèÒ§æ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ã¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ ¤ÕÂì áÅÐÍÒÃÁ³ì «Õ.¾Õ.ÍÕ. ºÒ¤ (¤.È. 1714-1788) à»ç¹¼Ùéä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃѺÇèÒà»ç¹ºÔ´ÒáËè§â«¹ÒµÒÊÁÑÂãËÁè º·»Ãоѹ¸ì⫹ҵҢͧà¢ÒÁÕÊÒÁ¡Ãкǹ ¤×Í àÃçÇ ªéÒ àÃçÇ â´Â·ÑèÇä»áÅéÇÁÕ ¡ÒáÓ˹´¡Ãкǹ´èÒ§æ ã¹áºº©ºÑºâ«¹ÒµÒ¤ÅÒÊÊÔ¡ ´Ñ§¹Õé
1. ¡Ãкǹ·Õè˹Öè§ »¡µÔáÅéǨÐÍÂÙèã¹â«¹ÒµÒ¿ÍÃìÁ 㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ (´Ù·Õ¤Ó sonata form.)
2. ¡Ãкǹ·ÖèÊͧ »¡µÔ¨ÐÍÂÙèã¹ÅÕÅÒªéÒ áÅÐÁÕÍÒÃÁ³ìÅÖ¡«Öé§¡ÇèÒ
3. ¡Ãкǹ·ÕèÊÒÁ à»ç¹áººÁÔ¹¹ÙàÍçµ (minuet) ËÃ×Í Êá¡Ãâ« (Scherzo)
4. ¡Ãкǹ·ÕèÊÕè ÍÂÙè㹤յÅѡɳìẺÃ͹â´ËÃ×Í⫹ҵÒ㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ
¤ÓÇèÒâ«¹ÒµÒ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÀÒÉÒÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ÇèÒ suonare ËÁÒ¶֧·ÓãËéà¡Ô´àÊÕ§ àÁ×èÍááãªé¤Ó¹Õé â«¹ÒµÒ ¨ÐËÁÒ¶֧º·à¾Å§ÊÓËÃѺ à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ«×觵ç¢éÒÁ¡Ñº¤ÓÇèÒ á¤¹µÒµÒ ·ÕèËÁÒ¶֧º·à¾Å§ÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒâѺÃéͧ sonata allegro form (â«¹ÒµÒ ÍÑÅàÅâ¡Ã ¿ÍÃìÁ) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó sonata form.)
sonata da camera or chamber sonata The term was applied to a work (e.g.by Corelli) from the 17th century, written usually for strings and keyboard background in several contrasting movements resembling dances from a suite preceded by a prelude.
sonata da chiesa (It., 'church sonata') Similar to sonata da camera and in several movements but of a graver nature avoiding dance movements. Mostly trio sonatas, Corelli's examples have four contrasting movements, slow-fast- slow-fast .
sonata form (â«¹ÒµÒ ¿ÍÃìÁ) à»ç¹¤ÕµÅѡɳìÊÓËÃѺ¢ºÇ¹Ë¹×è§ã¹º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·¤Í¹áªÃâ´é ⫹ҵҫÔÁâ¿¹Õ ËÃ×ͧҹ»ÃÐàÀ·áªÁàºÍÃì ãªé¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»à»ç¹ÊèǹÁҡ㹡Ãкǹ·Õè˹×è§ ¨Ö§ÁÑ¡àÃÕ¡ÇèÒẺ¡Ãкǹ·Õè˹×è§ (First movement form) ẺἹ¢Í§ ⫹ҵҿÍÃìÁ ÁÕ 3 Êèǹ ¤×Í
1. ÊèǹàʹͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´·Ò§´¹µÃÕ (exposition) ¡Ó˹´·Ó¹Í§ËÅѡ໹᡹ÊӤѭ à¾×èÍÊÃéÒ§àºçè¹ÅѡɳР੾ÒТͧ¢ºÇ¹ä´éÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹ ã¹áºº¤ÅÒÊÔà¤ÔéÅâ«¹ÒµÒ ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕÊͧ·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡ËÃ×ÍÊͧ¡ÅØèÁ «×è§àª×èÍÁµèÍÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ñ¹´éǺÃÔ´¨ìá¾Ê૨ áÅШºÅ§´éǤÕÂì¢Í§º·à¾Å§¹Ñé¹ ÊèǹàʹͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´ ·Ò§´¹´ÃÕ¹ÕéÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒëéÓ
2. Êèǹ¾Ñ²¹Ò¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´·Ò§´¹µÃÕ (Development) ËÃ×ÍàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ¿ÃÕ¿Ò¹µÒà«Õ ¤×ÍÊèǹ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡¢Í§àÍ硫⻫ԪÑè¹ä»ÍÂèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢ÇÒ§ áÅÐÍÔÊÃÐàÊÃÕ
3. ÊèǹÊÃØ» (Recapitulation) ¡Ó˹´ãËé·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡¡ÅѺÁÒÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§Ë¹×è§ áµèµéͧÍÂÙè¤ÕÂìà´ÔÁì¢Í§à¾Å§¹Ñé¹ áÅÐà¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ⤴Òà¢éÒä»ã¹Êèǹ¹Õéä´é
4. â¤´Ò (Coda) ¤×Í¡ÒÃŧ¨º·ÕèÁÕÊèǹ¢ÂÒ¤ÇÒÁ´éÇÂ
sonata rondo A combination of sonata form and rondo form. In a rondo the five sections are A B A C A. In sonata rondo these become A B A C A B plus coda in which A becomes the first subject, B becomes the second subject and C becomes the development section. This form was rnuch used by Beethoven.
sonatina (It.), sonatine (Fr.) A little sonata. Shorter, lighter and generally easier to play than a sonata.
sonator ¼ÙéàÅè¹
song cycle A set of songs performed in its entirety and set to words by a single poet. Beethoven wrote the first example in 1816. In the romantic era, however, Schumann and Schubert used traditional German popular song combined with more imaginative accompaniment to illuminate and interpret words in a romantic way. An example is Die Winterreisce ('Winter Journey') composed in 1828 by Schubert.
song form A title given to the basic A B A form or ternary form as used in an instrumental slow movement. However, this is rather vague and is best avoided since not every song is in this form.
sonore (Fr.), sonoro (It.) With full tone.
sons bouches (Fr.) Stopped notes on the horn.
sons etouffes (Fr.) Damped sound. Mostly found in harp music indicating that the performer should dampen vibrations immediately after plucking, to produce a 'dry' sound.
sopra (It., 'above') Usually found in piano music indicating that one hand has to pass over the other.
soprano Highest female voice with range approximately extending from middle C to two octaves above that. Boy trebles can also achieve this range. The term is also applied to some instruments (e.g. soprano saxophone).
sordini (It. «Í´Ô¹Õè) à·éÒàËÂÕºà¾×èÍÅ´àÊÕ§ã¹à»ÕÂâ¹ senza sordini ËÁÒ¶֧ àËÂÕº·Õè¤Ñ¹ºÑ§¤Ñºà·éÒ ·Õè·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÂÒÇ con sordini ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËé»Å´¤Ñ¹ºÑ§¤Ñºà·éÒ·Õè·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÂÒÇ
sordino (It. «Í´Ôâ¹) á¼è¹äÁéËÃ×ÍâÅËкҧæ (·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÁÔÇ·ì) ãªéàÊÕºŧº¹ºÃÔ´¨ì(ÊоҹàÊÕ§) ¢Í§à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒ à¾×èÍ·ÓãËéàÊÕ§àºÒŧËÃ×ÍÅ´àÊÕ§ŧ
sostenuto (It. «ÍÊ൹Ùâµ) ˹èǧãÇé ÂÖ´äÇé
sospirando (It. «ÍÊ»ÔÃÒ¹â´) ÃٻẺ§èÒÂæ ʺÒÂæ
sostenuto (It. «ÍÊà·¹Ùâµ) ·ÓàÊÕ§ÂÒǵèÍà¹×èͧ â´ÂãËéÅÒ¡àÊÕ§ÂÒÇàµçÁ¤èҢͧµÑÇâ¹éµ«ÍÊà·¹Ùâµ ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§ ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËéªéÒŧàÅ硹éÍ ÃÑé§äÇé
sotto (It. «Í·âµ) ¢éÒ§ãµé ´èÓ¡ÇèÒ sotto voce ËÁÒ¶֧ ·ÓàÊÕ§¡ÃЫԺ¡ÃЫҺ ¤è͹¢éÒ§à§Õº ·ÓàÊÕ§àºÒæé
sotto voce (It. «ç͵ⵠâÇàª) àÊÕ§àºÒáÅеèÓ
soubrette(Fr., 'cunning') In opera or operetta, this often describes a soprano singing the role of a shrewd, rather pert servant girl.
soutenu (Fr.) Sustained and flowing.
space (Êà»Ê) ªèͧÇèÒ§ÃÐËÇèÒ§àÊé¹ÊͧàÊ鹢ͧºÃ÷ѴËéÒàÊé¹ «×è§ÁÕ·Ñé§ËÁ´ÊÕèªèͧ
spater (Gr. Êà»àµÍÃì) µèÍÁÒ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹
speech-song See sprechgesang.
spianato (It.) Smooth.
spirito (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµ) ÇÔ­­Ò³
spiritoso (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµâ«) ÁÕªÕÇÔµªÕÇÒ
splccato (It.) Clearly articulated. This term is used in string playing for a light, staccato touch created by playing with the middle of the bow and a loose wrist.
spieltenor (Ger.) A light tenor voice in opera.
spinet (Ê»Ôà¹çµ) 1. à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕÎÒÃ컫ԤÍÃì´ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§¡Åèͧ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡æ ·ÕèÁÕ´éÒ¹ÊÕè¶Ö§ËéÒ´éÒ¹ àËÁ×͹à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕª×èÍ àÇÍÃì¨Ô¹ÑÅ Ê»Ôà¹çµÁÕÊÒÂàÊÕ§˹×è§ÊÒµèÍâ¹éµË¹×è§µÑÇ (´Ù·Õ¤Ó harpsichord, virginal (s))
2. à»ç¹ª×èÍàÃÕ¡à»ÕÂâ¹ÃØè¹ÍѾä÷좹ҴàÅç¡ÊÁÑÂãËÁè
spinto (It.) Urged on, pushed.
spirito, spiritoso (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµâ«) ÍÂèÒ§ÁÕªÕÇÔµªÕÇÒ ´éǪÕÇÔµ¨Ôµã¨
spiritual A type of rcligious Arnerican Negro folksong with a call and response pattern.
sprechgesang (Ger. ) Speechsong. Voice delivery midway between song and speech, used mostly by Schonberg although he preferOrange the terms sprechstimme (speaking voice), sprechmelodic (speech melody) or rezitation.
stabreim (Ger.) Alliteration. This term describes the alliterative verse used by Wagner in his music dramas.
staccato (It. ʵѡ¤Òâµ) ãËéÊÑé¹ÍÂèÒ§ÁÒ¡ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í stacc.
staff (ʵѿ), stave (ʵêÒ¿) ºÃ÷Ѵ·Õè»ÃСͺ´éÇÂàÊ鹴ç¨Ó¹Ç¹ËéÒàÊ鹪èͧÊÕèªèͧÊÓËÃѺ¡Òúѹ·Ö¡â¹éµ ºÍ¡ÃдѺàÊÕ§
stark (Ger. «µÒÃì¤) á¢ç§á¡Ãè§ ´Ñ§
stem (ÊàµçÁ) àÊ鹵çµÒÁá¹ÇµÑé§ÊÓËÃѺàª×èÍÁËÑÇâ¹éµ´¹µÃÕ
stentando (It.) Labouring, holding back on each note
step (Êàµç») ¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§·Ó¹Í§à¾Å§ ¨Ò¡µÑÇâ¹éµµÑÇ˹×è§ä»ÊÙèâ¹éµã¡Åéà¤Õ§ÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹×è§ã¹ÃÐÂÐËèÒ§¢Ñ鹤ÙèÊͧµÒÁÅѡɳТÑé¹áººä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡ ÁÕÊÒÁª¹Ô´´Ñ§¹Õé
1.˹×è§àÊÕ§àµçÁ
2.¤Ã×è§àÊÕ§
3.¢Ñé¹ÍçÍ¡àÁ¹àµç´
stile (It.) Style.
stopping (I) On stringed instruments, this is the placing of the left hand fingers on the strings to shorten the vibrating length and to raise the pitch. The terms double stopping, triple stopping, etc. refer to two or three notes simultaneously being played this way; (2) In horn playing, this is the insertion of the hand into the bell of the instrument to alter the pitch and tone quality of a note.
strascinando (It.) Dragging.
strathspey A Scottish dance related to the reel with a slower tempo and characteristic rhythms with four beats to the bar.
streng (Gr. ÊàµÃç§) à¤Ã觤ÃÑ´Ù
strepitoso (It. Êà·Ã»Ôâµâ«) ´Ñ§Ë¹Ç¡ËÙ
stretto Stringendo(It. ÊàµÃ·âµ ʵÃÔ¹-à¹-â´) àÃè§àÃçÇ¢Öé¹
stretto (It. ÊàµÃ·âµ) 1. ¶éÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹º·»Ãоѹ¸ì»ÃÐàÀ·¿ÔÇ¡ì ËÁÒ¶֧Êèǹ·Õèà»ç¹·Ó¹Í§¶ÒÁ(«Ñºà¨ç¤·ì) áÅзӹͧµÍº (ÍéÒ¹à«èÍÃì) äÅèµÔ´µÒÁã¡Å騹ÁÕÅѡɳÐà¡Â¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè (´·Õè¤Ó fugue.)
2. ¶éÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹º·»Ãоѹ¸ì·ÕèäÁèãªè¿ÔÇ¡ì ËÁÒ¶֧ÊèǹÊÃØ»¨º¢Í§à¾Å§«×è§àÃ觨ѧËÇТÖé¹àÃ×èÍ æ
strich (Ger.) A bow stroke.
stringendo (It. ʵÃԧਹâ´) ¡Ò÷ÓãËéàÃçÇ¢Öé¹ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í string.
string orchestra Solely a string band as opposed to a wind or brass brand, normally consisting of first and second violins, violas, 'cellos and double basses.
string quartet (ʵÃÔ§ ¤ÇÍàµç·) à»ç¹áªÁàºÍÃìÁÔÇÊÔ¡ÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂÊÕèªÔé¹ »ÃСͺ´éÇÂäÇâÍÅÔ¹Êͧ¤Ñ¹ ÇÔâÍÅÒ˹Ö觤ѹ áÅÐàªÅâÅ˹×觤ѹ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó chamber music.)
string quintet (µÃÔ§¤ÇԹ൷) à»ç¹áªÁàºÍÃìÁÔÇÊÔ¡ ÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂËéÒªÔé¹(´Ù·Õè¤Ó chamber music.)
stromentato (It.) Played by instruments.
strophic Term describes a song which uses the same music for each verse.
stuck (Ger.) A composition, piece.
study or etude (Fr.) Music designed to improve a specific branch of technique by practice. Chopin and Clementi, however, wrote many of artistic merit.
sturm und drang (Ger., 'storm and stress') The powerful romantic expressiveness sweeping Austrian and German music in the 1760s and 1770s was so called. Especially evident in Haydn's symphonies of that time.
sturmisch (Ger. «µÙÃìÁÔª) ÃØ¹áçÍÂèÒ§¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ
style galant (Fr.), galanter stil (Ger.) The musical equivalent of the rococo style in painting. The term described the homophonic but ornamented French and Italian music between 1730 and 1770 written by Couperin and D. Scarlatti. It contrasted with the German contrapuntal style.
subdominant («Ñº´ÍÁÔá¹¹·ì) ª×èÍàÃÕ¡»ÃШӢÑé¹·ÕèÊÕè¢Í§ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§àÁà¨ÍÃìËÃ×ÍäÁà¹ÍÃì¤ÍÃ촫Ѻ´ÍÁÔá¹¹·ì¤×Í ¤ÍÃì´·ÕèÊÃéÒ§º¹àÊÕ§»ÃШӢÑé¹¹Õé
subito (It. «ÙºÔâµ) ·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´ p subito ËÁÒ¶֧ àºÒÍÂèÒ§·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
subject («Ñºà¨ç¤·ì) ·Ó¹Í§ËÃ×ͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´ã¹·Ò§´¹µÃÕ á¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ËÅÑ¡·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃáµè§º·»Ãоѹ¸ì´¹µÃÕ
sub-mediant The sixth degree of the scale (e.g. A in the scale of C major) or a triad built on that degree.
suite (Fr. ÊÇÕ·) 1. ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·ºÃÃàŧ »ÃСͺ¢Öé¹à»ç¹ËÅÒ¡Ãкǹ á´èÅСÃкǹ¡çÁÕ ¤ÕµÅѡɳì¢Í§à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä» »¡µÔáÅéǨÐàª×èÍÁ¡Ãкǹ·Ñé§ËÁ´à¢éÒ´éÇ¡ѹâ´Âáµè§ãËéÍÂÙè㹤ÕÂìà´ÕÂǡѹ ¤ÕµÅѡɳì¢Í§à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺÊÇÕ·¹Õé¡çÁÕ allamande, bourree, courante, gavotte, gigue, minuet áÅÐ saraband «×觨лÃÒ¡¯ ÍÂÙè㹺·ºÃÃàŧ»ÃÐàÀ·ÊÇշẺ¤ÅÒÊÔ¡
2. ¡ÅØèÁº·ºÃÃàŧÊÑ鹿 ·ÕèÍÂÙè㹤մÅѡɳìËÃ×ÍẺἹ¡ÒûÃоѹ¸ìÍÐäáçä´éÊèǹÁÒ¡ÁÑ¡¹ÓÁÒ¨Ò¡ÍØ»ÃҡúÑÅàÅèµì ÏÅÏ
suivez (Fr., 'follow') (1) Go staight on to the next section or movement without a break; (2) An indication to an accompanist to follow any changes in tempo made by the soloist.
sul ponticello (It.) A bowing indication for string players to play near the bridge to achieve a brittle tone.
sul tasto (It.) A bowing indication to string players to play near or above the fingerboard, producing a 'colourless' tone.
supertonic The second degree of the scale (e.g. D in the scale of C major) or the triad built on that degree.
sur la touche (Fr.) Same as sul tasto.
suspension A harmonic device in which a note in a chord is kept sounding while another chord is played to form a discord. This discord is resolved by the prolonged note usually falling or rising to a note forming part of the new chord.
sustaining pedal The right pedal on the piano which raises the felt dampers allowing the strings to vibrate freely.
swing (ÊÇÔ§) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó jazz 4.)
symphonia A Greek word taken into Latin and sometimes used in modern contexts to describe a work equivalent to a symphony.
symphonic poem Also known as programme music or tone poem, this is a mid-19th century term introduced by Liszt to describe an orchestral piece influenced by a non-musical theme (e.g. Iiterature, art or emotions).
symphony («ÔÁ⿹Õ) º·ºÃÃàŧÊÓËÃѺǧ´¹´ÃÕ ÁÕâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§àËÁ×͹º·ºÃÃàŧ»ÃÐàÀ·â«¹ÒµÒ â´Â·ÑèÇä»»ÃСͺ´éÇÂÊÕè¡Ãкǹ º·ºÃÃàŧ»ÃÐàÀ·«ÔÁ⿹ÕáÅÐ⫹ҵҵèÒ§¡ç¾Ñ²¹Ò㹪èǧ È´ÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊԺỴ º·ºÃÃàŧ«ÔÁ⿹Õä´éÃѺÍÔ·¸Ô¾Å¨Ò¡º·ºÃÃàŧâËÁâÃ§ÍØ»ÃÒ¡ÃẺÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ «Öè§ÁÕÊèǹ»ÃСͺ 3 Êèǹ ¤×Í àÃçÇ ªéÒ àÃçÇ áµèÅÐÊèǹ¹Õéä´é¾Ñ²¹Ò㻨¹á¡ÍÍ¡ä´éËÅÒ¡Ãкǹ áÅÐàÁ×èÍà¾ÔèÁÊèǹ·Õèà»ç¹ÁÔ¹¹ÙàÍç·à¢éÒä»áÅéÇ¡ç¨Ð·ÓãË麷ºÃÃàŧ«ÔÁ⿹ÕÁÕÊÕè¡Ãкǹ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó movement, sonata form.)
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