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MuZic
Dictionary |
˹ѧÊ×ͤÓÈѾ·ì´¹µÃÕ·Ò§ÍÔ¹àµÍÃì๷
¤é¹ËÒ-ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÓÈѾ·ì·Ò§´éÒ¹´¹µÃÕä´é·Õè¹Õè
[A]
[B] [C]
[D] [E]
[F] [G]
[H] [I]
[J-K-L] [M]
[N] [O]
[P] [Q]
[R] [S]
[T] [U-V]
[W-X-Y-Z]
saltando ãªé¤Ñ¹ªÑ¡ÊÑé¹
æ àµé¹ä»º¹ÊÒÂàÃçÇ æ
saltarello or salterello
(It. «ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅ) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊԺˡ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÇèÒ
saltare ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ ËÁÒÂÇèÒ ¡ÃÐâ´´ ´¹µÃÕ¨ÐÁÕÅѡɳйØèÁáÅÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ ÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ
(ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹×è§Ëéͧ) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ«ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅÂѧ¤§à»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¡éÒ
áµèà»ç¹¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áç¢Öé¹ ¤ÓÇèÒ «ÒŵÒàÃÅâÅ à¤ÂâªéàÃÕ¡ª×èÍ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓÁÒµÑé§áµèµÍ¹µé¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºÊÕèáÅéÇ
samba (á«ÁºéÒ) à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓ·Õèà»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹ÃٻẺ¢Í§ÅÒµÔ¹ÍàÁÃԡѹ
sans (Fr. «Ò§) äÁèµéͧÁÕ
sans tembre äÁèãªéÊá¹Ãì
saraband («ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì), sarabanda
(It. «ÒÃÒºÒ¹µÒ), sarabande (Fr. «ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì) ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèʧèÒ§ÒÁ¢Í§ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊԺˡ
ÊÔºà¨ç´ áÅÐÊԺỴà»ç¹à¾Å§àµê¹ÃÓ㹨ѧËÇЪéÒ»ÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹Öè§Ëéͧ)
ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ËÃ×Íà»ç¹â¹éµµÑÇÂÒÇ㹨ѧËÇзÕèÊͧ àªÕè͡ѹÇèÒ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ¹ÕéÁÒ¨Ò¡·èÒ§µÐÇѹÍÍ¡
áÅÐÁÕÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ÍÂèÒ§´Ù´´×èÁ ÃØ¹áç ¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ«ÒÃÒºÒ¹´ì¹Õé¶¡¹Óà¢éÒÁÒã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÊ໹ÃÒǵ鹻դ.È.1500
µèÍÁÒ¡çÁÒ»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍѧ¡ÄÉáÅнÃÑè§àÈÊ ¾ÃéÍÁæ ¡ÑºÁÕẺ¡ÒÃàµé¹·ÕèÅ´¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áçŧàÅ硹éÍÂ
¨¹ã¹·ÕèÊØ´¡ç¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁʧèÒ§ÒÁ ´Ñ§¨Ð¾ºä´1¹à¾Å§ÊÇÕ·¢Í§ºÒ¤
sardana (Sp.) A Catalonian
national dance performed to pipes and drums, often in sections.
Similar to the farandole.
satz (Ger.) A setting.
(1) A musical setting; (2) A movement in a composition; (3) Style
(e.g. freier satz, free style; (4) A theme or subject.
saxhorn (á«ç¡ÎÍÃì¹) µÃСÙÅà¤Ã×èͧà»èÒ»ÃÐàÀ·áµÃ·Í§àËÅ×ͧ
·ÕèÁÕÊèǹ»Ò¡à»èÒà»ç¹ÃÙ»¶éÇ ·èÍáµÃ ÁÕÅѡɳÐÃÙ»¡ÃÇÂáÅÐÁÕÅÙ¡ÊÙº´éÇÂ
Í´Í¿«Ñ¡Êì à»ç¹¼Ùé¹ÓÁÒãªéã¹»Õ ¤.È.1845 ÁÕ·Ñé§ËÁ´à¨ç´ª¹Ô´ ¢¹Ò´µÑé§áµèà¤Ã×èͧàÊÕ§µèÓàºÊ¨¹¶Ö§àÊÕ§ÊÙ§à·ÃçºàºÔéÅ
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó bore.)
saxophone (á«¡â«â¿¹)
à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÅÁäÁ骹Դ·Õè·Ó´éÇÂâÅËÐ »ÃСͺ´éÇÂÅÔé¹»Õèà´ÕèÂÇáÅзèÍẺ¡ÃÇÂ
Í´Í¿«Ñ¡Êì à»ç¹¼Ùé»ÃдÔɰì¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍ»Õ ¤.È.1840 ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈàºÅàÂÕèÂÁÁÕÅѡɳÐàÊÕ§¡ÅÁ¡ÅèÍÁáÅÐàµçÁàÊÕ§
à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕá«¡â«â¿¹·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ÔèÅéǹáÅéÇáµèà»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ·ÕèµéͧÂéÒ¤ÕÂì
scale (Êà¡Å) ËÁÒ¶֧ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§
͹ءÃÁ¢Í§àÊÕ§«×觨ѴàÃÕ§仵ÒÁÅӴѺ ÁÒ¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ scala ËÁÒ¶֧
ºÑ¹ä´ «×è§áºè§ä´éà»ç¹Êͧ»ÃÐàÀ·ãËèæ ¤×Í
1. ä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡Êà¡Å ¡. àÁà¨ÍÃì (´Ù·Õè¤Ó major scale) ¢. äÁà¹ÍÃì (´Ù·Õè¤Ó
minor scale.) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó diatonic, mode.)
2. â¤ÃÁÒµÔ¡Êà¡Å (´Ù·Õè¤Ó chromatic 1.)
scale degrees(Êà¡Å ´Õ¡ÃÕ)
ÃдѺ¢Ñ鹺ѹä´àÊÕ§ Êèǹ»ÃСͺáµèÅÐÊèǹ¢Í§ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§
scena (It., 'stage' or 'scene')(1)
A scene in an opera consisting of an extended aria of dramatic nature;
(2) A dramatic concert piece for solo voice with accompaniment.
scherzando (It. Êá¤Ãì«Ò¹â´)
ÅѡɳТÕéàÅè¹ µÅ¡
scherzetto or scherzino (It.)
a short scherzo.
scherzo (It. Êá¡Ãìâ«)
µÅ¡ ¢ºÇ¹Ë¹×è§ã¹º·à¾Å§·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳТÕéàÅè¹ Ê¹Ø¡Ê¹Ò¹ÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ»ÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ
(ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹áµèÅÐËéͧ) àºâ¸à¿¹à»ç¹¼Ùé¹ÓÊá¡Ãâ«à¢éÒä»á·¹·ÕèÁÔ¹¹ÙàÍç´·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒµÑé§áµè´Ñé§à´ÔÁ
㹺·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·«ÔÁ⿹ÕáÅÐ⫹ҵҨӹǹÁÒ¡¢Í§à¢Ò âªá»§áÅкÃÒËìÁä´éáµè§º·»Ãоѹ¸ì
ËÅÒº··ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐÍÂèÒ§àÍÒ§Ò¹àÍÒ¡Òà â´Âãªéª×èÍÇèÒ Êá¡Ãâ«
schlag (Ger.) ¨Ñ§ËÇÐà¤ÒÐ
Beat.
schleppen (Ger.) To
drag. Schleppend, dragging.
schluss (Ger.) End.
schlussel (Ger.) ¡Øá¨àÊÕ§
Clef.
schnell (Gr. ªà¹Å) àÃçÇ
schottische (Gr. ªÍ·µÔÊ«ì)
¡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺÅѡɳÐǧ¡ÅÁã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¡éÒ àËÁ×͹¡ÒÃà´é¹ÃÓẺâ¾Å¡éÒÍÂèÒ§ªéÒ
à»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹´Õã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍѧ¡ÄÉÇèÒ ''àÂÍÃÁѹâ¾Å¡éÒ'' ªÍ·µÔÊ«ì¹Õ黡µÔ
¨ÐÍÂÙè㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊͧ (Êͧ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹×è§Ëéͧ)
schmetternd (Ger., 'blaring'
) An indication to horn players to use a harsh brassy tone.
schon àÊÃç¨áÅéÇ
schrittmassig or schrittweise
(Ger.) Stepwise, at a walking pace and equivalent of andante.
schwach (Ger.) Weak,
soft.
schwer (Ger. ªáÇÃì) ˹ѡá¹è¹
¤ÃØè¹¤Ô´
schwindend (Ger.) Dying
away, fading.
schwung (Ger.) Swing.
Schwungvol, spirited.
scoop To slide up
to a note in singing instead of hitting it accurately.
score Notated music
of all performers' parts combined in an ordeOrange form in which
each part appears vertically above another. A piano score is one
in which all orchestral or even vocal parts are Orangeuced to a
piano part. A miniaturce or pocket score reproduces all parts and
details of the full score but is of a size more suitable for study.
scorrevole (It.) Scurrying,
rapid.
Scotch snapA
rhythmic figure consisting of a short note on the beat followed
by a longer one held until the next beat. Found in Scottish music
but also in other folk music.
Scriabin,Aleksandr
¤Õµ¡ÇÕªÒÇÃÑÊà«Õ (1872-1915)
sec (Fr. àÊ¡) ã¹áººÊÑ鹿
ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Óã¹ÀÒÉÒ½ÃÑè§àÈÊ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ ''áËé§"
sec, secco áËé§ á¢ç§æ
ÊÑ鹿
second (à«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì) ÃÐÂТÑ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡ÃÐËÇèÒ§ÊͧàÊÕ§·ÕèÍÂÙèã¡ÅéªÔ´µÔ´¡Ñ¹
àÁà¨ÍÃìà«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì (¤ÙèÊͧàÁà¨ÍÃì) äÁà¹ÍÃìà«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì (¤ÙèÊͧäÁà¹ÍÃì)
second inversion(à«ç¤à¤Ô¹´ì
ÍÔ¹àÇÍÃìªÑ¹) ¡ÒþÅÔ¡¡ÅѺ¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊͧ ¡ÒÃàÃÕ§µÑǡѹãËÁè¢Í§¤ÍÃì´à¾×èÍãËéâ¹éµµÑÇ·Õè
5 ÍÂÙèã¹á¹ÇàÊÕ§·ÕèµèÓÊØ´
secondo volta ¤ÃÑé§·Õè
2
secondary dominant This
describes the dominant of the dominant .
segno (It. à«¡â¹) à¤ÃÕèͧËÁÒÂ
al segno ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËéä»·Õèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ dal segno ËÁÒ¶֧ ¨Ò¡à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂ
µÑÇÂèͤ×Í D.S.
segue (It. à«¡ÙàÍ, 'it follows')
µÒÁÁÒ
seguidilla (Sp. à«¡ÕµÕÂÒ)
à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺÊ໹㹨ѧËÇлÃÐàÀ·¹ÑºÊÒÁ (ÊÒÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÐã¹Ë¹Öè§Ëéͧ)
ÁÑ¡¨ÐÍÂÙè㹤ÕÂì1Áà¹ÍÃì à¾Å§à«¡Õ´ÕÂÒ»¡µÔáÅéǨÐÁÕ¡ÒäÅÍ»ÃСͺ´éÇ¡յÒÃì
àÊÕ§ÃéͧáÅСÃѺÊ໹ ¨ÐàË繡ÒÃàµé¹ÃÓẺ¹Õéä´é¨Ò¡Í§¤ì·Õè˹×è§¢Í§ÍØ»ÃÒ¡ÃàÃ×èͧ
¤ÒÃìàÁ¹ ¢Í§ ¨ÍÃ쫺Õà«è
sehr (Ger. à«) ÁÒ¡
ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§
semibreve (à«ÁÔàºÃàÇ)
ËÁÒ¶֧â¹êµµÑÇ¡ÅÁ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó whole note)
semiquaver (à«ÁÔà¤ÇàÇèÍÃì)
ËÁÒ¶֧ â¹éµà¢ºçµÊͧªÑé¹ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó sixteenth note.)
semicadence (à«ÁÔà¤à´¹«ì)
ÅÙ¡¨º¡ÅÒ§ ¨Ø´¾Ñ¡º¹¤ÍÃì´ æ ˹Öè§·ÕèäÁèãªè¤ÍÃì´ I «Öè§ÁÕÅѡɳÐäÁèÊÁºÙóìáÅÐÊÃéÒ§áç¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹ãËéà¡Ô´·Ó¹Í§à¾Å§à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ
semitone (à«ÁÔâ·¹) ¤Ã×è§àÊÕ§
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó step. 2.)
semplice (It. à«Á»ÅÔà«)
àÃÕº§èÒÂ
semplicemente (It. à«Á»ÅÔà«àÁ¹àµ)
ʺÒÂæ ¸ÃÃÁ´Ò
sempre (It. à«Áà»Ã) à»ç¹ÍÂÙèàÊÁÍ
µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ
sentimento (It. ૹµÔàÁ¹âµ)
ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡äÇ Íè͹äËÇ
senza (It. ૹ«Ò) äÁèÁÕ
»ÃÒȨҡ
septet (1) A group
of seven performers which may consist of instrumentalists or singers;
(2) A composition for seven performers which, if for instrumentalists,
will have the character of a sonata in several movements.
septuplet A group
of seven notes to be played in the time of 4 or 6.
sequence («Õà¤Ç¹«ì) ÅѡɳСÒëéӷӹͧ
(ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§¡çÁÕ¡ÒÃá»Ã¼Ñ¹ä»ºéÒ§) â´ÂàÃÔèÁ·ÕèÃдѺàÊÕ§ µèÒ§¡Ñ¹ã¹áµèÅФÃÑé§·Õè«éÓ
serenade (à«àÃ๴) 1.
à¾Å§·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳÐä»·Ò§´éÒ¹¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡ ËÃ×Íà¾Å§ÂÒÁàÂç¹
2. º·»Ãоѹ¸ì·Õèáµè§äÇéÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒúÃÃàŧ´éÇÂà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ¡ÅØèÁàÅç¡æ
«×è§»ÃСͺ´éÇÂ¡ÅØèÁà¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂáÅÐ à¤Ã×èͧÅÁäÁé
serial music Also
known as twelve-tone music, twelve-note music and dodecaphonic music.
This is a 20th century concept mostly developed by Schonberg. A
twelve-note theme is fixed upon, with each note being used once.
This is known as the tone row or series. Thereafter it can appear
in four main ways: forwards, backwards (retrograde), upside down
(inversion), and upside down and backwards (retrograde inversion).
The series can appear and begin on any one of the twelve pitches
and more than one note of the series can be used simultaneously
to form a chord. Serialism mostly forms the basis of a work, however,
and other composers include Berg and Webern. Serialism is a feature
of expressionism.
serio (It. à«ÃÕâÍ) àÍÒ¡ÒÃàÍÒ§Ò¹
¢Ö§¢Ñ§
serioso (à«ÃÕâÍâ«) ã¹áºº©ºÑºÍÂèÒ§àÍÒ¡ÒÃàÍÒ§Ò¹
¢Ö§¢Ñ§
seventh (à«àÇè¹·ì) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ã¹ÅѡɳФÙèà¨ç´
¨Ò¡ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§Ẻä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡
seventh chord (à«àÇè¹·ì¤ÍÃì´)
¤ÍÃì´·Õè»ÃСͺ´éǵÑǾ×é¹µé¹ ¢Ñ鹤ÙèÊÒÁ¢Ñ鹤ÙèËéÒáÅТÑ鹤Ùèà¨ç´
sextolet A group
of six notes to be peformed in the time of 4.
sfogato(It., 'evaporated')
Light and airy playing. The term was used by Chopin.
sforzata (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«ÒµÒ)
à¹é¹
sforzato (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«Òâµ)
sforzando (It. Ê¿ÍÃì«Ò¹â´) ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃÂéÓÍÂèÒ§·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
ãªé¡ÓÅѧ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í sfs, sf.
sfumato àºÒŧáÅФèÍÂ
æ ¨Ò§ËÒÂä»
shake Alternative
name for trill.
shanty A sailors'
work song with solo verses (often of an extemporised nature) and
chorus matching certain rhythmical movements (e.g. pulling a rope
together).
sharp (ªÒÃì») à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂá»Å§àÊÕ§
àÁ×èÍÇÒ§äÇé¢éҧ˹éÒâ¹éµ¨Ð·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÊÙ§¢Ö鹤Ã×è§àÊÕ§ ã¹ÅѡɳÐâ¤ÃÁÒµÔ¡
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó chromatic.)
siciliano (It. «ÔªÔàÅÕÂÂÒâ¹)
sicilienne (Fr. «Ô«ÔàÅÕè¹) à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺ«Ô«ÔàÅÕ¹ã¹ÈµÇÃÃÉ·ÕèÊÔºà¨ç´
áÅÐÊԺỴ 㹨ѧËÇÐ 6/8 ËÃ×Í 12/8 µÒÁ»¡µÔà¾Å§«Ô«ÔàÅÕ¹ ¨Ð»ÃСͺ´éÇÂá¹Ç·Ó¹Í§áººà¾Å§Ãéͧ
áÅÐàÊÕ§¤ÅÍ»ÃСͺ·ÕèµèÍà¹×èͧ¡Ñ¹ä»¢Í§¤ÍÃì´áººâºÃ¤à¤è¹ ÁÑ¡»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹¢ºÇ¹ªéҢͧº·à¾Å§ÊÇÕ·ªØ´ááæ
¢Í§â¤àÃÅÅÕ áÅÐਠàÍÊ ºÒ¤
sight-reading or sight-singing
¡ÒÃàÅè¹´¹µÃÕËÃ×ÍÃéͧà¾Å§¨Ò¡â¹êµ â´Â·ÕèäÁèà¤ÂàÅè¹ËÃ×ÍÃéͧà¾Å§¹Ñé¹ÁÒ¡è͹
signature («Ô¡à¹à¨ÍÃì)
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó key 3, time signature.)
similar motion Two
melodies moving together in the same direction.
simile (It. «ÔÁÔàÅ) Ẻà´ÕÂǡѹ
´Óà¹Ô¹µèÍä»´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õà´ÕÂǡѹ â´ÂÁÕẺµÑÇâ¹éµáÅÐ ÇÅÕà¾Å§à»ç¹ËÅѡ㹡Òû¯ÔºÑµÔÍÂèÒ§à¤Ã觤ÃÑ´
¤ÓÂèͤ×Í sim.
simple time (meter) ÍѵÃҨѧËÇиÃÃÁ´Ò
ÍѵÃҨѧËÇзÕèÁըѧËÇо×é¹°Ò¹ã¹ã¨áºè§ÂèÍÂÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 ¨Ñ§ËÇÐ àªè¹ 2/4,
4/4, 3/4
sin 'al fine (It. «Ô¹ÑÅ ¿Ôà¹)
¨¹¨º
sin 'al segno (It. «Ô¹ÑÅ
à«ç¹âÂ) ¨¹¶Ö§à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂ
sinfoniaSmall orchestras
currently perform under this name. Originally the title described
an instrumental piece in the baroque era such as the prelude, overture
to an opera, cantata or suite.
sinfonia concertante (It.)
Haydn and Mozart's preferOrange title to concerto for an orchestral
work with more than one solo parts.
sinfonie or symphonie (Ger.)
Symphony.
sinfonietta (It.) A
shorter, lighter symphony. Also sometimes used as a performing name
for small orchestras.
singend (Ger. «Ô¹à¡ç¹´ì)
ã¹ÅÕÅÒ¡ÒÃÃéͧ
singspiel (Ger., 'play with
singing') Generally the singspiel is a comic opera with
spoken dialogue in the local dialect instead of recitative. An example
is Mozart's The Magic Flute (1791). In the early l9th century the
style combined with German romantic opera and later came to be known
simply as 'German musical comedy'.
sinistra (It.) Left
hand.
sitz-probe (Ger.) An
opera term for a 'sitting rehearsal' when all performers sing through
the roles while sitting down, with the accompaniments played by
the orchestra.
six-four chordThe
chord containing the sixth and fourth intervals from the bass note.
Also known as the second inversion (e.g. the 6/4 chord G C E is
the second inversion of C E G.
sixteenth note («Ô¡·Õ¹â¹éµ)
â¹éµà¢ºçµÊͧªÑé¹ ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµª¹Ô´¹Õé¨Ó¹Ç¹ÊԺˡµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒ à·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇ¡ÅÁ˹×è§µÑÇ
áÅÐÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹é´´ÑÇ´Ó˹Öè§µÑÇ
sixteenth rest («Ô¡·Õ¹àÃÊ·ì)
â¹éµµÑÇËÂØ´ ·ÕèÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇࢺçµÊͧªÑé¹Ë¹×è§µÑÇ
sixth («Ô¡·ì) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ª¹Ô´¤ÙèË¡·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÃÕ§Ẻä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó interval.)
sixty-fourth note («Ô¡µÕé
¿ÍÃì· â¹éµ) â¹éµà¢ºçµÊÕèªÑé¹ ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµª¹Ô´¹ÕéË¡ÊÔºÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµ
µÑÇ¡ÅÁ˹Öè§µÑÇ áÅÐÊÕèµÑÇÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹é´µÑÇࢺç´ÊͧªÑé¹Ë¹×è§µÑÇ
sixty-fourth rest («Ô¡µÕé
¿ÍÃì·àÃÊ·ì) â¹éµµÑÇËÂØ´·ÕèÁÕ¤èÒà·èҡѺâ¹éµµÑÇࢺç´ÊÕèªÑé¹Ë¹Öè§µÑÇ
six-three chord The
chord containing the sixth and third intervals from the bass note.
Same as first inversion of a triad.
skip (ʤԻ) ¢Ñ鹤ÙèàÊÕ§ã¹ÃÙ»·Ó¹Í§·Õè¡ÇéÒ§à¡Ô¹¡ÇèÒ¤ÙèÊͧ
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó interval.)
slancio (It. ÊÅÒ¹«ÔâÍ)
´éǤÇÒÁ¡ÅéÒËÒ
slentando (It. ÊàŹ·Ò¹â´)
ªéÒŧµÒÁÅӴѺ
slide Device on some
brass instruments, used principally on the trombone, for altering
the length of the tube, and therefore the notes produced.
slur (ÊàÅÍ) àÊé¹â¤é§
ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ
1. â¹éµµèÒ§æ àËÅèÒ¹ÕéãËéàÅè¹áººàÅ¡Òâµé (àÊÕ§àª×èÍÁµèÍà¢éÒ´éÇ¡ѹ)
2. ÇÅÕà¾Å§ËÃ×ÍÊèǹ¢Í§ÇÅÕà¾Å§ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó phrase.)
3. àÁ×èÍâ¹éµµÑÇ˹×è§ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÊàÅÍàª×èÍÁ¨Ò¡â¹éµ¢éҧ˹éÒÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹×è§
â´Ââ¹éµ ·Ñ駤Ùè¹ÕéµèÒ§¡çÁÕÃдѺàÊÕ§à´ÕÂǡѹáÅéÇ àÃÒàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ä·(tie)
à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂä·¹Õé ¡Ó˹´ãËéâ¹éµµÑÇ·ÕèÊͧäÁèµéͧàÅè¹ à¾Õ§áµèãËéÂ×´¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇàÊÕ§仨¹¤Ãº¤èÒâ¹éµµÑǹÕé
4. ËÒ¡à¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÊàÅͺѹ·Ö¡äÇéà˹×ÍËÃ×Íãµé¨Ø´áººÊµÑꡤÒâµáÅéÇâ¹éµáµèÅеÑÇ
ãËéàÅè¹ãËéÊÑé¹Å§àÅ硹éÍÂ
smorzando (It. ÊÁÍÃì«Ò¹â´)
¨Ò§ËÒÂã» ¤ÓÂèÍ ¤×Í smorz.
snare drum (Êá¹Ãì´ÃÑÁ)
(´Ù·Õè¤Ó drum 1.)
soave (It.) Sweetly,
tenderly.
sofort ·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
solfeggio (It. «ÍÅ࿵â¨)
¡Òý֡ËÑ´ ¢ÑºÃéͧâ´ÂÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÒÁ¾ÂÒ§¤ì â´ àà ÁÕ ÏÅÏ ¡Ó˹´ãËé
â¹éµ C à»ç¹ â´ÍÂÙè¡Ñº·Õè
soft pedal The left
foot pedal on a piano lessening the volume.
sol-fa An English
system of notation and sight reading mainly devised by J.S. Curwen
in the 1840s. The notes of the major scale are named in ascending
order: doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te, doh. Doh is the tonic, or
keynote, but is not at any fixed pitch.
solfeggio (It.), solfege
(Fr.) Ear-training by singing exercises to sol-fa syllables.
More advanced forms are sung to vowels known as vocalizzi (lt.)
or vocalises (Fr.).
solo (â«âÅ) ¤¹à´ÕÂÇ
à´ÕèÂÇ º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·à´ÕèÂÇÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕËÃ×͹ѡÃéͧ¤¹à´ÕÂÇ ã¹º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·¤Í¹áªÃìâµ
Êèǹ·ÕèáÊ´§à´ÕèÂÇ¡Ó˹´äÇéÊÓËÃѺâ«âÅÍÔÊ·ì (¹Ñ¡áÊ´§à´ÕèÂÇ) áµèÊèǹ
·Ù·Ô (Tuti) à»ç¹¡ÒÃáÊ´§·Ñé§Ç§
soltanto (It.) Solely
.
sonata (It. ⫹ҵÒ) º·»Ãоѹ¸ìà¾Å§«×è§µÒÁ»¡µÔáÅéÇÁÕÊÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÕè¡Ãкǹ
(·è͹) áµèÅСÃкǹ¨ºÅ§´éǵÑÇàͧä´é áÅСÃкǹµèÒ§æ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ã¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ
¤ÕÂì áÅÐÍÒÃÁ³ì «Õ.¾Õ.ÍÕ. ºÒ¤ (¤.È. 1714-1788) à»ç¹¼Ùéä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃѺÇèÒà»ç¹ºÔ´ÒáËè§â«¹ÒµÒÊÁÑÂãËÁè
º·»Ãоѹ¸ì⫹ҵҢͧà¢ÒÁÕÊÒÁ¡Ãкǹ ¤×Í àÃçÇ ªéÒ àÃçÇ â´Â·ÑèÇä»áÅéÇÁÕ
¡ÒáÓ˹´¡Ãкǹ´èÒ§æ ã¹áºº©ºÑºâ«¹ÒµÒ¤ÅÒÊÊÔ¡ ´Ñ§¹Õé
1. ¡Ãкǹ·Õè˹Öè§ »¡µÔáÅéǨÐÍÂÙèã¹â«¹ÒµÒ¿ÍÃìÁ 㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ (´Ù·Õ¤Ó
sonata form.)
2. ¡Ãкǹ·ÖèÊͧ »¡µÔ¨ÐÍÂÙèã¹ÅÕÅÒªéÒ áÅÐÁÕÍÒÃÁ³ìÅÖ¡«Öé§¡ÇèÒ
3. ¡Ãкǹ·ÕèÊÒÁ à»ç¹áººÁÔ¹¹ÙàÍçµ (minuet) ËÃ×Í Êá¡Ãâ« (Scherzo)
4. ¡Ãкǹ·ÕèÊÕè ÍÂÙè㹤յÅѡɳìẺÃ͹â´ËÃ×Í⫹ҵÒ㹨ѧËÇÐÃÇ´àÃçÇ
¤ÓÇèÒâ«¹ÒµÒ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓÀÒÉÒÍÔµÒàÅÕ¹ÇèÒ suonare ËÁÒ¶֧·ÓãËéà¡Ô´àÊÕ§
àÁ×èÍááãªé¤Ó¹Õé â«¹ÒµÒ ¨ÐËÁÒ¶֧º·à¾Å§ÊÓËÃѺ à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ«×觵ç¢éÒÁ¡Ñº¤ÓÇèÒ
᤹µÒµÒ ·ÕèËÁÒ¶֧º·à¾Å§ÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒâѺÃéͧ sonata allegro form (⫹ҵÒ
ÍÑÅàÅâ¡Ã ¿ÍÃìÁ) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó sonata form.)
sonata da camera or chamber
sonata The term was applied to a work (e.g.by Corelli) from
the 17th century, written usually for strings and keyboard background
in several contrasting movements resembling dances from a suite
preceded by a prelude.
sonata da chiesa (It., 'church
sonata') Similar to sonata da camera and in several movements
but of a graver nature avoiding dance movements. Mostly trio sonatas,
Corelli's examples have four contrasting movements, slow-fast- slow-fast
.
sonata form (â«¹ÒµÒ ¿ÍÃìÁ)
à»ç¹¤ÕµÅѡɳìÊÓËÃѺ¢ºÇ¹Ë¹×è§ã¹º·à¾Å§»ÃÐàÀ·¤Í¹áªÃâ´é ⫹ҵҫÔÁ⿹Õ
ËÃ×ͧҹ»ÃÐàÀ·áªÁàºÍÃì ãªé¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»à»ç¹ÊèǹÁҡ㹡Ãкǹ·Õè˹×è§ ¨Ö§ÁÑ¡àÃÕ¡ÇèÒẺ¡Ãкǹ·Õè˹×è§
(First movement form) ẺἹ¢Í§ ⫹ҵҿÍÃìÁ ÁÕ 3 Êèǹ ¤×Í
1. ÊèǹàʹͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´·Ò§´¹µÃÕ (exposition) ¡Ó˹´·Ó¹Í§ËÅѡ໹᡹ÊÓ¤Ñ
à¾×èÍÊÃéÒ§àºçè¹ÅѡɳР੾ÒТͧ¢ºÇ¹ä´éÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹ ã¹áºº¤ÅÒÊÔà¤ÔéÅ⫹ҵÒ
ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕÊͧ·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡ËÃ×ÍÊͧ¡ÅØèÁ «×è§àª×èÍÁµèÍÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ñ¹´éǺÃÔ´¨ìá¾Ê૨
áÅШºÅ§´éǤÕÂì¢Í§º·à¾Å§¹Ñé¹ ÊèǹàʹͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´ ·Ò§´¹´ÃÕ¹ÕéÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒëéÓ
2. Êèǹ¾Ñ²¹Ò¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´·Ò§´¹µÃÕ (Development) ËÃ×ÍàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ¿ÃÕ¿Ò¹µÒà«ÕÂ
¤×ÍÊèǹ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒþѲ¹Ò ·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡¢Í§àÍ硫⻫ԪÑè¹ä»ÍÂèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢ÇÒ§ áÅÐÍÔÊÃÐàÊÃÕ
3. ÊèǹÊÃØ» (Recapitulation) ¡Ó˹´ãËé·Ó¹Í§ËÅÑ¡¡ÅѺÁÒÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§Ë¹×è§
áµèµéͧÍÂÙè¤ÕÂìà´ÔÁì¢Í§à¾Å§¹Ñé¹ áÅÐà¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ⤴Òà¢éÒä»ã¹Êèǹ¹Õéä´é
4. â¤´Ò (Coda) ¤×Í¡ÒÃŧ¨º·ÕèÁÕÊèǹ¢ÂÒ¤ÇÒÁ´éÇÂ
sonata rondo A combination
of sonata form and rondo form. In a rondo the five sections are
A B A C A. In sonata rondo these become A B A C A B plus coda in
which A becomes the first subject, B becomes the second subject
and C becomes the development section. This form was rnuch used
by Beethoven.
sonatina (It.), sonatine
(Fr.) A little sonata. Shorter, lighter and generally easier
to play than a sonata.
sonator ¼ÙéàÅè¹
song cycle A set
of songs performed in its entirety and set to words by a single
poet. Beethoven wrote the first example in 1816. In the romantic
era, however, Schumann and Schubert used traditional German popular
song combined with more imaginative accompaniment to illuminate
and interpret words in a romantic way. An example is Die Winterreisce
('Winter Journey') composed in 1828 by Schubert.
song form A title
given to the basic A B A form or ternary form as used in an instrumental
slow movement. However, this is rather vague and is best avoided
since not every song is in this form.
sonore (Fr.), sonoro (It.)
With full tone.
sons bouches (Fr.) Stopped
notes on the horn.
sons etouffes (Fr.) Damped
sound. Mostly found in harp music indicating that the performer
should dampen vibrations immediately after plucking, to produce
a 'dry' sound.
sopra (It., 'above')
Usually found in piano music indicating that one hand has to
pass over the other.
soprano Highest female
voice with range approximately extending from middle C to two octaves
above that. Boy trebles can also achieve this range. The term is
also applied to some instruments (e.g. soprano saxophone).
sordini (It. «Í´Ô¹Õè)
à·éÒàËÂÕºà¾×èÍÅ´àÊÕ§ã¹à»ÕÂâ¹ senza sordini ËÁÒ¶֧ àËÂÕº·Õè¤Ñ¹ºÑ§¤Ñºà·éÒ
·Õè·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÂÒÇ con sordini ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËé»Å´¤Ñ¹ºÑ§¤Ñºà·éÒ·Õè·ÓãËéàÊÕ§ÂÒÇ
sordino (It. «Í´Ôâ¹)
á¼è¹äÁéËÃ×ÍâÅËкҧæ (·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÁÔÇ·ì) ãªéàÊÕºŧº¹ºÃÔ´¨ì(ÊоҹàÊÕ§)
¢Í§à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒ à¾×èÍ·ÓãËéàÊÕ§àºÒŧËÃ×ÍÅ´àÊÕ§ŧ
sostenuto (It. «ÍÊ൹Ùâµ)
˹èǧãÇé ÂÖ´äÇé
sospirando (It. «ÍÊ»ÔÃÒ¹â´)
ÃٻẺ§èÒÂæ ʺÒÂæ
sostenuto (It. «ÍÊà·¹Ùâµ)
·ÓàÊÕ§ÂÒǵèÍà¹×èͧ â´ÂãËéÅÒ¡àÊÕ§ÂÒÇàµçÁ¤èҢͧµÑÇâ¹éµ«ÍÊà·¹Ùâµ
ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§ ËÁÒ¶֧ ãËéªéÒŧàÅ硹éÍ ÃÑé§äÇé
sotto (It. «Í·âµ) ¢éÒ§ãµé
´èÓ¡ÇèÒ sotto voce ËÁÒ¶֧ ·ÓàÊÕ§¡ÃЫԺ¡ÃЫҺ ¤è͹¢éÒ§à§Õº ·ÓàÊÕ§àºÒæé
sotto voce (It. «ç͵ⵠâÇàª)
àÊÕ§àºÒáÅеèÓ
soubrette(Fr., 'cunning')
In opera or operetta, this often describes a soprano singing
the role of a shrewd, rather pert servant girl.
soutenu (Fr.) Sustained
and flowing.
space (Êà»Ê) ªèͧÇèÒ§ÃÐËÇèÒ§àÊé¹ÊͧàÊ鹢ͧºÃ÷ѴËéÒàÊé¹
«×è§ÁÕ·Ñé§ËÁ´ÊÕèªèͧ
spater (Gr. Êà»àµÍÃì)
µèÍÁÒ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹
speech-song See sprechgesang.
spianato (It.) Smooth.
spirito (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµ)
ÇÔÒ³
spiritoso (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµâ«)
ÁÕªÕÇÔµªÕÇÒ
splccato (It.) Clearly
articulated. This term is used in string playing for a light, staccato
touch created by playing with the middle of the bow and a loose
wrist.
spieltenor (Ger.) A
light tenor voice in opera.
spinet (Ê»Ôà¹çµ) 1.
à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕÎÒÃ컫ԤÍÃì´ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§¡Åèͧ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡æ ·ÕèÁÕ´éÒ¹ÊÕè¶Ö§ËéÒ´éÒ¹
àËÁ×͹à¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕª×èÍ àÇÍÃì¨Ô¹ÑÅ Ê»Ôà¹çµÁÕÊÒÂàÊÕ§˹×è§ÊÒµèÍâ¹éµË¹×è§µÑÇ
(´Ù·Õ¤Ó harpsichord, virginal (s))
2. à»ç¹ª×èÍàÃÕ¡à»ÕÂâ¹ÃØè¹ÍѾä÷좹ҴàÅç¡ÊÁÑÂãËÁè
spinto (It.) Urged
on, pushed.
spirito, spiritoso (It. Ê»ÔÃÔâµâ«)
ÍÂèÒ§ÁÕªÕÇÔµªÕÇÒ ´éǪÕÇÔµ¨Ôµã¨
spiritual A type
of rcligious Arnerican Negro folksong with a call and response pattern.
sprechgesang (Ger. )
Speechsong. Voice delivery midway between song and speech, used
mostly by Schonberg although he preferOrange the terms sprechstimme
(speaking voice), sprechmelodic (speech melody) or rezitation.
stabreim (Ger.) Alliteration.
This term describes the alliterative verse used by Wagner in his
music dramas.
staccato (It. ʵѡ¤Òâµ)
ãËéÊÑé¹ÍÂèÒ§ÁÒ¡ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í stacc.
staff (ʵѿ), stave (ʵêÒ¿)
ºÃ÷Ѵ·Õè»ÃСͺ´éÇÂàÊ鹴ç¨Ó¹Ç¹ËéÒàÊ鹪èͧÊÕèªèͧÊÓËÃѺ¡Òúѹ·Ö¡â¹éµ
ºÍ¡ÃдѺàÊÕ§
stark (Ger. «µÒÃì¤) á¢ç§á¡Ãè§
´Ñ§
stem (ÊàµçÁ) àÊ鹵çµÒÁá¹ÇµÑé§ÊÓËÃѺàª×èÍÁËÑÇâ¹éµ´¹µÃÕ
stentando (It.) Labouring,
holding back on each note
step (Êàµç») ¡ÒÃà¤Å×è͹·Õè¢Í§·Ó¹Í§à¾Å§
¨Ò¡µÑÇâ¹éµµÑÇ˹×è§ä»ÊÙèâ¹éµã¡Åéà¤Õ§ÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹×è§ã¹ÃÐÂÐËèÒ§¢Ñ鹤ÙèÊͧµÒÁÅѡɳТÑé¹áººä´ÍÒâ·¹Ô¡
ÁÕÊÒÁª¹Ô´´Ñ§¹Õé
1.˹×è§àÊÕ§àµçÁ
2.¤Ã×è§àÊÕ§
3.¢Ñé¹ÍçÍ¡àÁ¹àµç´
stile (It.) Style.
stopping (I) On stringed
instruments, this is the placing of the left hand fingers on the
strings to shorten the vibrating length and to raise the pitch.
The terms double stopping, triple stopping, etc. refer to two or
three notes simultaneously being played this way; (2) In horn playing,
this is the insertion of the hand into the bell of the instrument
to alter the pitch and tone quality of a note.
strascinando (It.) Dragging.
strathspey A Scottish
dance related to the reel with a slower tempo and characteristic
rhythms with four beats to the bar.
streng (Gr. ÊàµÃç§) à¤Ã觤ÃÑ´Ù
strepitoso (It. Êà·Ã»Ôâµâ«)
´Ñ§Ë¹Ç¡ËÙ
stretto Stringendo(It. ÊàµÃ·âµ
ʵÃÔ¹-à¹-â´) àÃè§àÃçÇ¢Öé¹
stretto (It. ÊàµÃ·âµ)
1. ¶éÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹º·»Ãоѹ¸ì»ÃÐàÀ·¿ÔÇ¡ì ËÁÒ¶֧Êèǹ·Õèà»ç¹·Ó¹Í§¶ÒÁ(«Ñºà¨ç¤·ì)
áÅзӹͧµÍº (ÍéÒ¹à«èÍÃì) äÅèµÔ´µÒÁã¡Å騹ÁÕÅѡɳÐà¡Â¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè (´·Õè¤Ó
fugue.)
2. ¶éÒà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹º·»Ãоѹ¸ì·ÕèäÁèãªè¿ÔÇ¡ì ËÁÒ¶֧ÊèǹÊÃØ»¨º¢Í§à¾Å§«×è§àÃ觨ѧËÇТÖé¹àÃ×èÍÂ
æ
strich (Ger.) A bow
stroke.
stringendo (It. ʵÃԧਹâ´)
¡Ò÷ÓãËéàÃçÇ¢Öé¹ ¤ÓÂèͤ×Í string.
string orchestra Solely
a string band as opposed to a wind or brass brand, normally consisting
of first and second violins, violas, 'cellos and double basses.
string quartet (ʵÃÔ§ ¤ÇÍàµç·)
à»ç¹áªÁàºÍÃìÁÔÇÊÔ¡ÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂÊÕèªÔé¹
»ÃСͺ´éÇÂäÇâÍÅÔ¹Êͧ¤Ñ¹ ÇÔâÍÅÒ˹Ö觤ѹ áÅÐàªÅâÅ˹×觤ѹ (´Ù·Õè¤Ó
chamber music.)
string quintet (µÃÔ§¤ÇԹ൷)
à»ç¹áªÁàºÍÃìÁÔÇÊÔ¡ ÊÓËÃѺà¤Ã×èͧ´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·à¤Ã×èͧÊÒÂËéÒªÔé¹(´Ù·Õè¤Ó
chamber music.)
stromentato (It.) Played
by instruments.
strophic Term describes
a song which uses the same music for each verse.
stuck (Ger.) A composition,
piece.
study or etude (Fr.)
Music designed to improve a specific branch of technique by
practice. Chopin and Clementi, however, wrote many of artistic merit.
sturm und drang (Ger., 'storm
and stress') The powerful romantic expressiveness sweeping
Austrian and German music in the 1760s and 1770s was so called.
Especially evident in Haydn's symphonies of that time.
sturmisch (Ger. «µÙÃìÁÔª)
ÃØ¹áçÍÂèÒ§¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ
style galant (Fr.), galanter
stil (Ger.) The musical equivalent of the rococo style in
painting. The term described the homophonic but ornamented French
and Italian music between 1730 and 1770 written by Couperin and
D. Scarlatti. It contrasted with the German contrapuntal style.
subdominant («Ñº´ÍÁÔá¹¹·ì)
ª×èÍàÃÕ¡»ÃШӢÑé¹·ÕèÊÕè¢Í§ºÑ¹ä´àÊÕ§àÁà¨ÍÃìËÃ×ÍäÁà¹ÍÃì¤ÍÃ촫Ѻ´ÍÁÔá¹¹·ì¤×Í
¤ÍÃì´·ÕèÊÃéÒ§º¹àÊÕ§»ÃШӢÑé¹¹Õé
subito (It. «ÙºÔâµ) ·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
p subito ËÁÒ¶֧ àºÒÍÂèÒ§·Ñ¹·Õ·Ñ¹ã´
subject («Ñºà¨ç¤·ì) ·Ó¹Í§ËÃ×ͤÇÒÁ¤Ô´ã¹·Ò§´¹µÃÕ
á¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ËÅÑ¡·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃáµè§º·»Ãоѹ¸ì´¹µÃÕ
sub-mediant The sixth
degree of the scale (e.g. A in the scale of C major) or a triad
built on that degree.
suite (Fr. ÊÇÕ·) 1.
´¹µÃÕ»ÃÐàÀ·ºÃÃàŧ »ÃСͺ¢Öé¹à»ç¹ËÅÒ¡Ãкǹ á´èÅСÃкǹ¡çÁÕ ¤ÕµÅѡɳì¢Í§à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓ·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä»
»¡µÔáÅéǨÐàª×èÍÁ¡Ãкǹ·Ñé§ËÁ´à¢éÒ´éÇ¡ѹâ´Âáµè§ãËéÍÂÙè㹤ÕÂìà´ÕÂǡѹ
¤ÕµÅѡɳì¢Í§à¾Å§àµé¹ÃÓẺÊÇÕ·¹Õé¡çÁÕ allamande, bourree, courante,
gavotte, gigue, minuet áÅÐ saraband «×觨лÃÒ¡¯ ÍÂÙè㹺·ºÃÃàŧ»ÃÐàÀ·ÊÇշẺ¤ÅÒÊÔ¡
2. ¡ÅØèÁº·ºÃÃàŧÊÑ鹿 ·ÕèÍÂÙè㹤մÅѡɳìËÃ×ÍẺἹ¡ÒûÃоѹ¸ìÍÐäáçä´éÊèǹÁÒ¡ÁÑ¡¹ÓÁÒ¨Ò¡ÍØ»ÃҡúÑÅàÅèµì
ÏÅÏ
suivez (Fr., 'follow')
(1) Go staight on to the next section or movement without a
break; (2) An indication to an accompanist to follow any changes
in tempo made by the soloist.
sul ponticello (It.)
A bowing indication for string players to play near the bridge
to achieve a brittle tone.
sul tasto (It.) A
bowing indication to string players to play near or above the fingerboard,
producing a 'colourless' tone.
supertonic The second
degree of the scale (e.g. D in the scale of C major) or the triad
built on that degree.
sur la touche (Fr.) Same
as sul tasto.
suspension A harmonic
device in which a note in a chord is kept sounding while another
chord is played to form a discord. This discord is resolved by the
prolonged note usually falling or rising to a note forming part
of the new chord.
sustaining pedal The
right pedal on the piano which raises the felt dampers allowing
the strings to vibrate freely.
swing (ÊÇÔ§) (´Ù·Õè¤Ó
jazz 4.)
symphonia A Greek
word taken into Latin and sometimes used in modern contexts to describe
a work equivalent to a symphony.
symphonic poem Also
known as programme music or tone poem, this is a mid-19th century
term introduced by Liszt to describe an orchestral piece influenced
by a non-musical theme (e.g. Iiterature, art or emotions).
symphony («ÔÁ⿹Õ) º·ºÃÃàŧÊÓËÃѺǧ´¹´ÃÕ
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(´Ù·Õè¤Ó movement, sonata form.)
syncopation («Ô§â¤à¾ªÑè¹)
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